[dev.inline] cmd/compile/internal/syntax: use syntax.Pos for all external positions

- use syntax.Pos in syntax.Error (rather than line, col)
- use syntax.Pos in syntax.PragmaHandler (rather than just line)
- update uses
- better documentation in various places

Also:
- make Pos methods use Pos receiver (rather than *Pos)

Reviewed in and cherry-picked from https://go-review.googlesource.com/#/c/33891/.
With minor adjustments to noder.go to make merge compile.

Change-Id: I5507cea6c2be46a7677087c1aeb69382d31033eb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/34236


Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>