firmware: arm_scmi: Rework clock domain info lookups

Accessing clock domains descriptors by the index from the SCMI drivers
can potentially lead to out-of-bound violations if the SCMI drivers
misbehaves.

Use a common helper to check the consistency of such accesses.

Signed-off-by: Cristian Marussi <cristian.marussi@arm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240110120916.2482603-1-cristian.marussi@arm.com


Signed-off-by: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>