ALSA: hda: Drop old codec binding method

Now that all patch_ops usage have been converted to the new
hda_codec_ops probe, we can drop patch_ops from the hda_codec,
together with the calls of patch_ops callbacks.

The hda_codec_ops.free callback is removed as all have been replaced
with the new remove callback.

Also, correct comments mentioning "patch"; it's replaced with "codec
driver".

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250709160434.1859-25-tiwai@suse.de