ALSA: core: Copy string more safely

Replace the remaining strcpy() and sprintf() usages in the ALSA core
code with the safer versions.

The first strcpy() points actually to card->id, hence just use
strscpy() with card->id instead.

The append of suffix string is slightly rewritten so that we can use
scnprintf() and strscpy().

Only for safety, no actual behavior change.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250710100727.22653-104-tiwai@suse.de