bcachefs: Path must be locked if trans->locked && should_be_locked

If path->should_be_locked is true, that means user code (of the btree
API) has seen, in this transaction, something guarded by the node this
path has locked, and we have to keep it locked until the end of the
transaction.

Assert that we're not violating this; should_be_locked should also be
cleared only in _very_ special situations.

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>