genirq/chip: Rework irq_set_chip_data()

Use the new guards to get and lock the interrupt descriptor and tidy up the
code.

Fixup the kernel doc comment while at it.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250429065421.532308759@linutronix.de