kbuild: rust: add rustc-min-version support function

Introduce `rustc-min-version` support function that mimics
`{gcc,clang}-min-version` ones, following commit 88b61e3b
("Makefile.compiler: replace cc-ifversion with compiler-specific macros").

In addition, use it in the first use case we have in the kernel (which
was done independently to minimize the changes needed for the fix).

Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Fiona Behrens <me@Kloenk.dev>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <n.schier@avm.de>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>