ext4: introduce linear search for dentries

[ Upstream commit 9e28059d ]

This patch addresses an issue where some files in case-insensitive
directories become inaccessible due to changes in how the kernel
function, utf8_casefold(), generates case-folded strings from the
commit 5c26d2f1 ("unicode: Don't special case ignorable code
points").

There are good reasons why this change should be made; it's actually
quite stupid that Unicode seems to think that the characters ❤️ and ❤️


should be casefolded.  Unfortimately because of the backwards
compatibility issue, this commit was reverted in 231825b2.

This problem is addressed by instituting a brute-force linear fallback
if a lookup fails on case-folded directory, which does result in a
performance hit when looking up files affected by the changing how
thekernel treats ignorable Uniode characters, or when attempting to
look up non-existent file names.  So this fallback can be disabled by
setting an encoding flag if in the future, the system administrator or
the manufacturer of a mobile handset or tablet can be sure that there
was no opportunity for a kernel to insert file names with incompatible
encodings.

Fixes: 5c26d2f1 ("unicode: Don't special case ignorable code points")
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>