ALSA: hda: hda_component: Introduce component parent structure

In preparation for moving duplicated members from the hda_component
structure introduce a parent structure that wraps the array of
components. This also allows us to confine the knowledge of the maximum
number of entries to the hda_component files and eliminate passing that
redundant information around and making direct accesses to the array.

Signed-off-by: Simon Trimmer <simont@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20240617154105.108635-2-simont@opensource.cirrus.com