exfat: add a check for invalid data size

[ Upstream commit 13940cef ]

Add a check for invalid data size to avoid corrupted filesystem
from being further corrupted.

Signed-off-by: Yuezhang Mo <Yuezhang.Mo@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>