Revert "Revert "ALSA: pcm: Fix races among concurrent read/write and buffer changes""

This reverts commit 9f368dfe.

It fixes CVE-2022-1048 and it had to originally be reverted due to ABI
issues.  Add it back now as the ABI "break" is allowed and we want to
fix this real problem.

Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@google.com>
Change-Id: I00cdc5c3d932a882ec759f455024a3e14d311032