BACKPORT: f2fs: support recording errors into superblock

This patch supports to record detail reason of FSCORRUPTED error into
f2fs_super_block.s_errors[].

Bug: 343752188
Change-Id: I5b9db8d5b0064a667a42e4e6461a5c2c4eba10d9
(cherry picked from commit 5c2fb593
android14-5.15)
Signed-off-by: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Zhengxu Zhang <zhengxu.zhang@unisoc.com>