selftests/nolibc: correctly report errors from printf() and friends

When an error is encountered by printf() it needs to be reported.
errno() is already set by the callback.

sprintf() is different, but that keeps working and is already tested.

Also add a new test.

Fixes: 7e4346f4 ("tools/nolibc/stdio: add a minimal [vf]printf() implementation")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250704-nolibc-printf-error-v1-2-74b7a092433b@linutronix.de


Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>