hrtimers: Make hrtimer_update_function() less expensive

The sanity checks in hrtimer_update_function() are expensive for high
frequency usage like in the io/uring code due to locking.

Hide the sanity checks behind CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING, which has a decent
chance to be enabled on a regular basis for testing.

Fixes: 8f02e356 ("hrtimers: Introduce hrtimer_update_function()")
Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/87ikpllali.ffs@tglx