[tf.data] Do not crash when combining .cache().take().repeat()

Currently, if the .cache() iterator is not fully consumed before
being repeated, it will cause an exception to be raised to Python.
Instead, cache should act as an identity transformation and log
an error, as this will not affect the correctness of the user's
program (at the cost of an unexpected performance cost: i.e. not
actually caching).

PiperOrigin-RevId: 189999552