Use shared globals to init __progname + environ

Initialize the __progname and environ global variables using
libc_shared_globals rather than KernelArgumentBlock.

Also: suppose the linker is invoked on an executable:

    linker prog [args...]

The first argument passed to main() and constructor functions is "prog"
rather than "linker". For consistency, this CL changes the BSD
__progname global from "linker" to "prog".

Bug: none
Test: bionic unit tests
Change-Id: I376d76953c9436706dbc53911ef6585c1acc1c31