ART: Add a System.getProperty cutout

Add support for certain keys of System.getProperty, derived
from AndroidHardcodedSystemProperties.

Allows to compile-time initialize:
* android.icu.impl.Utility
* java.net.URLDecoder
* java.net.URLEncoder
* java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException

Bug: 27265238
Bug: 28174137

(cherry picked from commit 7107be61)

Change-Id: Ib919fb05f0459be19331ac356af34a968bf685cd