ART: Add Math cutouts

Add sin, cos and pow to unstarted runtime. Add tests for some
very specific values that are seen.

Allows to compile-time initialize:
* android.graphics.drawable.RippleForeground
* android.widget.EdgeEffect

Bug: 27265238

(cherry picked from commit 8c5889a3)

Change-Id: I0360a078e7dc9d2a176ec1cf2d8dbb242da1c83e