Reduce using ArtMethod's dex_cache_resolved_types_.

Avoid using the ArtMethod's dex cache type array shortcut
in runtime, preparing for its removal. We do not completely
remove the shortcut yet because it is still used by array
allocation entrypoints.

Fix ArgArray::BuildArgArrayFromObjectArray in reflection.cc
to not ask for the parameter type to be resolved. It should
have been previously resolved when retrieving the Method.

Also partially revert
    https://android-review.googlesource.com/310717
because it relied on the removed AIOOBE check in the removed
ArtMethod::GetDexCacheResolvedType(). The removed check was
simply defensive but it could not be triggered without some
memory corruption.

Test: m test-art-host
Bug: 30627598
Change-Id: Ic45a5ff8c66b79429e440cbc08d67bf22a083682