ART: Rewrite EnsureInitialized hit case

When an initialized class is found during EnsureInitialized, do
not check whether verification was attempted and fix up bits.
Instead, ensure that all class-loading paths have that done
when eventually getting here.

Special runtime-constructed classes (primitives, arrays, proxies)
need code to do this work. "Normal" classes have the work done
during VerifyClass.

Leave a DCHECK in as a state check. Protect state transfers with
additional checks.

This reduces the overhead of the interpreter which cannot elide
initialization checks for static accesses.

Bug: 115834172
Test: m test-art-host
Change-Id: Iacd6652583364509c37eafe81fed1198abb1b71a