ART: Introduce runtime_globals

Split libartbase's globals.h into actual globals, and runtime-
dependent globals which should live in runtime.

Blanket-convert all runtime/ inclusions.

In future CLs, the number of global constants should be reduced.
For example, GC types are only relevant to GC/alloc functionality.

Bug: 119869270
Test: mmma art
Change-Id: I2d8cd32e0e7ab4084d2f2e96864b5338a78da94e