class_linker: Add support for resolving method types.

- Add a new fixed size dex cache array for resolved method types.
  The size of this array is set to 1024.
- Also introduces a new runtime flag that controls this feature.

Test: make test-art-host
Bug: 30550796

Change-Id: I147b33398d71ee21f2e91b418d3700d4630801ff