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gralloc.cpp

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  • gralloc.cpp 51.07 KiB
    /*
    * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
    *
    * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    * You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    *
    * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    * limitations under the License.
    */
    #include <string.h>
    #include <pthread.h>
    #include <limits.h>
    #include <cutils/ashmem.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <dlfcn.h>
    #include <sys/mman.h>
    
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION < 28
    #include "gralloc_cb.h"
    #else
    #include "../../shared/OpenglCodecCommon/gralloc_cb.h"
    #endif
    
    #include "goldfish_dma.h"
    #include "FormatConversions.h"
    #include "HostConnection.h"
    #include "ProcessPipe.h"
    #include "ThreadInfo.h"
    #include "glUtils.h"
    #include "qemu_pipe.h"
    
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION < 26
    #include <cutils/log.h>
    #else
    #include <log/log.h>
    #endif
    #include <cutils/properties.h>
    
    #include <set>
    #include <map>
    #include <vector>
    #include <string>
    #include <sstream>
    
    /* Set to 1 or 2 to enable debug traces */
    #define DEBUG  0
    
    #if DEBUG >= 1
    #  define D(...)   ALOGD(__VA_ARGS__)
    #else
    #  define D(...)   ((void)0)
    #endif
    
    #if DEBUG >= 2
    #  define DD(...)  ALOGD(__VA_ARGS__)
    #else
    #  define DD(...)  ((void)0)
    #endif
    
    #define DBG_FUNC DBG("%s\n", __FUNCTION__)
    
    #define GOLDFISH_OFFSET_UNIT 8
    
    #ifdef GOLDFISH_HIDL_GRALLOC
    static const bool isHidlGralloc = true;
    #else
    static const bool isHidlGralloc = false;
    #endif
    
    int32_t* getOpenCountPtr(cb_handle_t* cb) {
        return ((int32_t*)cb->ashmemBase) + 1;
    }
    
    uint32_t getAshmemColorOffset(cb_handle_t* cb) {
        uint32_t res = 0;
        if (cb->canBePosted()) res = GOLDFISH_OFFSET_UNIT;
        if (isHidlGralloc) res = GOLDFISH_OFFSET_UNIT * 2;
        return res;
    }
    
    //
    // our private gralloc module structure
    //
    struct private_module_t {
        gralloc_module_t base;
    };
    
    /* If not NULL, this is a pointer to the fallback module.
     * This really is gralloc.default, which we'll use if we detect
     * that the emulator we're running in does not support GPU emulation.
     */
    static gralloc_module_t*  sFallback;
    static pthread_once_t     sFallbackOnce = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
    
    static void fallback_init(void);  // forward
    
    //
    // Our gralloc device structure (alloc interface)
    //
    struct gralloc_device_t {
        alloc_device_t  device;
        std::set<buffer_handle_t> allocated;
        pthread_mutex_t lock;
    };
    
    struct gralloc_memregions_t {
        typedef std::map<void*, uint32_t> MemRegionMap;  // base -> refCount
        typedef MemRegionMap::const_iterator mem_region_handle_t;
    
        MemRegionMap ashmemRegions;
        pthread_mutex_t lock;
    };
    
    #define INITIAL_DMA_REGION_SIZE 4096
    struct gralloc_dmaregion_t {
        gralloc_dmaregion_t(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc)
          : sz(0), refcount(0), bigbufCount(0) {
            pthread_mutex_init(&lock, NULL);
            sz = INITIAL_DMA_REGION_SIZE;
            goldfish_dma_create_region(sz, &goldfish_dma);
        }
    
        goldfish_dma_context goldfish_dma;
        uint32_t sz;
        uint32_t refcount;
        pthread_mutex_t lock;
        uint32_t bigbufCount;
    };
    
    // global device instance
    static gralloc_memregions_t* s_memregions = NULL;
    static gralloc_dmaregion_t* s_grdma = NULL;
    
    static gralloc_memregions_t* init_gralloc_memregions() {
        if (s_memregions) return s_memregions;
    
        s_memregions = new gralloc_memregions_t;
        pthread_mutex_init(&s_memregions->lock, NULL);
        return s_memregions;
    }
    
    static gralloc_dmaregion_t* init_gralloc_dmaregion(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc) {
        D("%s: call\n", __func__);
        if (!s_grdma) {
            s_grdma = new gralloc_dmaregion_t(rcEnc);
        }
        return s_grdma;
    }
    
    static void get_gralloc_region(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc) {
        gralloc_dmaregion_t* grdma = init_gralloc_dmaregion(rcEnc);
    
        pthread_mutex_lock(&grdma->lock);
        grdma->refcount++;
        D("%s: call. refcount: %u\n", __func__, grdma->refcount);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&grdma->lock);
    }
    
    static void resize_gralloc_dmaregion_locked(gralloc_dmaregion_t* grdma, uint32_t new_sz) {
        if (grdma->goldfish_dma.mapped_addr) {
            goldfish_dma_unmap(&grdma->goldfish_dma);
        }
        close(grdma->goldfish_dma.fd);
        goldfish_dma_create_region(new_sz, &grdma->goldfish_dma);
        grdma->sz = new_sz;
    }
    
    // max dma size: 2x 4K rgba8888
    #define MAX_DMA_SIZE 66355200
    
    static bool put_gralloc_region_dma_locked(gralloc_dmaregion_t* grdma, uint32_t sz) {
        D("%s: call. refcount before: %u\n", __func__, grdma->refcount);
        grdma->refcount--;
        if (sz > MAX_DMA_SIZE && grdma->bigbufCount) {
            grdma->bigbufCount--;
        }
        bool shouldDelete = !grdma->refcount;
        if (shouldDelete) {
            D("%s: should delete!\n", __func__);
            resize_gralloc_dmaregion_locked(grdma, INITIAL_DMA_REGION_SIZE);
            D("%s: done\n", __func__);
        }
        D("%s: exit\n", __func__);
        return shouldDelete;
    }
    
    static bool put_gralloc_region(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc, uint32_t sz) {
        bool shouldDelete;
    
        gralloc_dmaregion_t* grdma = init_gralloc_dmaregion(rcEnc);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&grdma->lock);
        shouldDelete = put_gralloc_region_dma_locked(grdma, sz);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&grdma->lock);
    
        return shouldDelete;
    }
    
    static void gralloc_dmaregion_register_ashmem_dma(gralloc_dmaregion_t* grdma, uint32_t new_sz) {
        if (new_sz != grdma->sz) {
            if (new_sz > MAX_DMA_SIZE)  {
                D("%s: requested sz %u too large (limit %u), set to fallback.",
                  __func__, sz, MAX_DMA_SIZE);
                grdma->bigbufCount++;
            } else {
                D("%s: change sz from %u to %u", __func__, grdma->sz, sz);
                resize_gralloc_dmaregion_locked(grdma, new_sz);
            }
        }
        if (!grdma->goldfish_dma.mapped_addr) {
            goldfish_dma_map(&grdma->goldfish_dma);
        }
    }
    
    static void gralloc_dmaregion_register_ashmem(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc, uint32_t sz) {
        gralloc_dmaregion_t* grdma = init_gralloc_dmaregion(rcEnc);
    
        pthread_mutex_lock(&grdma->lock);
        D("%s: for sz %u, refcount %u", __func__, sz, grdma->refcount);
        const uint32_t new_sz = std::max(grdma->sz, sz);
        gralloc_dmaregion_register_ashmem_dma(grdma, new_sz);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&grdma->lock);
    }
    
    static void get_mem_region(void* ashmemBase) {
        D("%s: call for %p", __func__, ashmemBase);
    
        gralloc_memregions_t* memregions = init_gralloc_memregions();
    
        pthread_mutex_lock(&memregions->lock);
        ++memregions->ashmemRegions[ashmemBase];
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&memregions->lock);
    }
    
    static bool put_mem_region(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc, void* ashmemBase) {
        D("%s: call for %p", __func__, ashmemBase);
    
        gralloc_memregions_t* memregions = init_gralloc_memregions();
        bool shouldRemove;
    
        pthread_mutex_lock(&memregions->lock);
        gralloc_memregions_t::MemRegionMap::iterator i = memregions->ashmemRegions.find(ashmemBase);
        if (i == memregions->ashmemRegions.end()) {
            shouldRemove = true;
            ALOGE("%s: error: tried to put a nonexistent mem region (%p)!", __func__, ashmemBase);
        } else {
            shouldRemove = --i->second == 0;
            if (shouldRemove) {
                memregions->ashmemRegions.erase(i);
            }
        }
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&memregions->lock);
    
        return shouldRemove;
    }
    
    static void dump_regions(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc) {
        gralloc_memregions_t* memregions = init_gralloc_memregions();
        gralloc_memregions_t::mem_region_handle_t curr = memregions->ashmemRegions.begin();
        std::stringstream res;
        for (; curr != memregions->ashmemRegions.end(); ++curr) {
            res << "\tashmem base " << curr->first << " refcount " << curr->second << "\n";
        }
        ALOGD("ashmem region dump [\n%s]", res.str().c_str());
    }
    
    static void get_ashmem_region(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc, cb_handle_t *cb) {
    #if DEBUG
        dump_regions(rcEnc);
    #endif
    
        get_mem_region((void*)cb->ashmemBase);
    
    #if DEBUG
        dump_regions(rcEnc);
    #endif
    
        get_gralloc_region(rcEnc);
    }
    
    static bool put_ashmem_region(ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc, cb_handle_t *cb) {
    #if DEBUG
        dump_regions(rcEnc);
    #endif
    
        const bool should_unmap = put_mem_region(rcEnc, (void*)cb->ashmemBase);
    
    #if DEBUG
        dump_regions(rcEnc);
    #endif
    
        put_gralloc_region(rcEnc, cb->ashmemSize);
    
        return should_unmap;
    }
    
    //
    // Our framebuffer device structure
    //
    struct fb_device_t {
        framebuffer_device_t  device;
    };
    
    static int map_buffer(cb_handle_t *cb, void **vaddr)
    {
        if (cb->fd < 0 || cb->ashmemSize <= 0) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        int map_flags = MAP_SHARED;
        if (isHidlGralloc) map_flags |= MAP_ANONYMOUS;
    
        void *addr = mmap(0, cb->ashmemSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                          MAP_SHARED, cb->fd, 0);
        if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
            ALOGE("%s: failed to map ashmem region!", __FUNCTION__);
            return -errno;
        }
    
        cb->ashmemBase = intptr_t(addr);
        cb->ashmemBasePid = getpid();
        D("%s: %p mapped ashmem base %p size %d\n", __FUNCTION__,
          cb, cb->ashmemBase, cb->ashmemSize);
    
        *vaddr = addr;
        return 0;
    }
    
    static HostConnection* sHostCon = NULL;
    
    static HostConnection* createOrGetHostConnection() {
        if (!sHostCon) {
            sHostCon = HostConnection::createUnique();
        }
        return sHostCon;
    }
    
    #define DEFINE_HOST_CONNECTION \
        HostConnection *hostCon = createOrGetHostConnection(); \
        ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc = (hostCon ? hostCon->rcEncoder() : NULL); \
        bool hasVulkan = rcEnc->featureInfo_const()->hasVulkan; \
    
    #define DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION \
        HostConnection *hostCon = createOrGetHostConnection(); \
        if (!hostCon) { \
            ALOGE("gralloc: Failed to get host connection\n"); \
            return -EIO; \
        } \
        ExtendedRCEncoderContext *rcEnc = hostCon->rcEncoder(); \
        if (!rcEnc) { \
            ALOGE("gralloc: Failed to get renderControl encoder context\n"); \
            return -EIO; \
        } \
        bool hasVulkan = rcEnc->featureInfo_const()->hasVulkan; \
    
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION < 18
    // On older APIs, just define it as a value no one is going to use.
    #define HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888 0xFFFFFFFF
    #endif
    
    static void updateHostColorBuffer(cb_handle_t* cb,
                                  bool doLocked,
                                  char* pixels) {
        D("%s: call. doLocked=%d", __FUNCTION__, doLocked);
    
        DEFINE_HOST_CONNECTION;
        gralloc_dmaregion_t* grdma = init_gralloc_dmaregion(rcEnc);
    
        int bpp = glUtilsPixelBitSize(cb->glFormat, cb->glType) >> 3;
        int left = doLocked ? cb->lockedLeft : 0;
        int top = doLocked ? cb->lockedTop : 0;
        int width = doLocked ? cb->lockedWidth : cb->width;
        int height = doLocked ? cb->lockedHeight : cb->height;
    
        char* to_send = pixels;
        uint32_t rgbSz = width * height * bpp;
        uint32_t send_buffer_size = rgbSz;
        bool is_rgb_format =
            cb->frameworkFormat != HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12 &&
            cb->frameworkFormat != HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888;
    
        std::vector<char> convertedBuf;
        if ((doLocked && is_rgb_format) ||
            (!grdma && (doLocked || !is_rgb_format))) {
            convertedBuf.resize(rgbSz);
            to_send = &convertedBuf.front();
            send_buffer_size = rgbSz;
        }
    
        if (doLocked && is_rgb_format) {
            copy_rgb_buffer_from_unlocked(
                    to_send, pixels,
                    cb->width,
                    width, height, top, left, bpp);
        }
    
        const bool hasDMA = rcEnc->getDmaVersion() > 0;
        if (hasDMA && grdma->bigbufCount) {
            D("%s: there are big buffers alive, use fallback (count %u)", __FUNCTION__,
              grdma->bigbufCount);
        }
    
        if (hasDMA && !grdma->bigbufCount) {
            if (cb->frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12) {
                get_yv12_offsets(width, height, NULL, NULL,
                                 &send_buffer_size);
            }
            if (cb->frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888) {
                get_yuv420p_offsets(width, height, NULL, NULL,
                                    &send_buffer_size);
            }
    
            rcEnc->bindDmaContext(&grdma->goldfish_dma);
    
            D("%s: call. dma update with sz=%u", __func__, send_buffer_size);
            pthread_mutex_lock(&grdma->lock);
            rcEnc->rcUpdateColorBufferDMA(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle,
                    left, top, width, height,
                    cb->glFormat, cb->glType,
                    to_send, send_buffer_size);
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&grdma->lock);
        } else {
            if (cb->frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12) {
                yv12_to_rgb888(to_send, pixels,
                               width, height, left, top,
                               left + width - 1, top + height - 1);
            }
            if (cb->frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888) {
                yuv420p_to_rgb888(to_send, pixels,
                                  width, height, left, top,
                                  left + width - 1, top + height - 1);
            }
            rcEnc->rcUpdateColorBuffer(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle,
                    left, top, width, height,
                    cb->glFormat, cb->glType, to_send);
        }
    }
    
    #ifndef GL_RGBA16F
    #define GL_RGBA16F                        0x881A
    #endif // GL_RGBA16F
    #ifndef GL_HALF_FLOAT
    #define GL_HALF_FLOAT                     0x140B
    #endif // GL_HALF_FLOAT
    #ifndef GL_RGB10_A2
    #define GL_RGB10_A2                       0x8059
    #endif // GL_RGB10_A2
    #ifndef GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV
    #define GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV    0x8368
    #endif // GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV
    //
    // gralloc device functions (alloc interface)
    //
    static void gralloc_dump(struct alloc_device_t* /*dev*/, char* /*buff*/, int /*buff_len*/) {}
    
    static int gralloc_alloc(alloc_device_t* dev,
                             int w, int h, int format, int usage,
                             buffer_handle_t* pHandle, int* pStride)
    {
        D("gralloc_alloc w=%d h=%d usage=0x%x format=0x%x\n", w, h, usage, format);
    
        gralloc_device_t *grdev = (gralloc_device_t *)dev;
        if (!grdev || !pHandle || !pStride) {
            ALOGE("gralloc_alloc: Bad inputs (grdev: %p, pHandle: %p, pStride: %p",
                    grdev, pHandle, pStride);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        //
        // Note: in screen capture mode, both sw_write and hw_write will be on
        // and this is a valid usage
        //
        bool sw_write = (0 != (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_MASK));
        bool hw_write = (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER);
        bool sw_read = (0 != (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_MASK));
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 17
        bool hw_cam_write = (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_WRITE);
        bool hw_cam_read = (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_READ);
    #else // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
        bool hw_cam_write = false;
        bool hw_cam_read = false;
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 15
        bool hw_vid_enc_read = usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_VIDEO_ENCODER;
    #else // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
        bool hw_vid_enc_read = false;
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
    
        // Keep around original requested format for later validation
        int frameworkFormat = format;
        // Pick the right concrete pixel format given the endpoints as encoded in
        // the usage bits.  Every end-point pair needs explicit listing here.
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 17
        if (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED) {
            // Camera as producer
            if (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_WRITE) {
                if (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE) {
                    // Camera-to-display is RGBA
                    format = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
                } else if (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_VIDEO_ENCODER) {
                    // Camera-to-encoder is NV21
                    format = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP;
                }
            }
    
            if (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED) {
                ALOGE("gralloc_alloc: Requested auto format selection, "
                        "but no known format for this usage: %d x %d, usage %x",
                        w, h, usage);
                return -EINVAL;
            }
        }
        else if (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888) {
            ALOGW("gralloc_alloc: Requested YCbCr_420_888, taking experimental path. "
                    "usage: %d x %d, usage %x",
                    w, h, usage);
        }
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 17
        bool yuv_format = false;
    
        int ashmem_size = 0;
        int stride = w;
    
        GLenum glFormat = 0;
        GLenum glType = 0;
        EmulatorFrameworkFormat selectedEmuFrameworkFormat = FRAMEWORK_FORMAT_GL_COMPATIBLE;
    
        int bpp = 0;
        int align = 1;
        switch (format) {
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888:
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888:
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888:
                bpp = 4;
                glFormat = GL_RGBA;
                glType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
                break;
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565:
                bpp = 2;
                // Workaround: distinguish vs the RGB8/RGBA8
                // by changing |glFormat| to GL_RGB565
                // (previously, it was still GL_RGB)
                glFormat = GL_RGB565;
                glType = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5;
                break;
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 26
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16:
                bpp = 8;
                glFormat = GL_RGBA16F;
                glType = GL_HALF_FLOAT;
                break;
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102:
                bpp = 4;
                glFormat = GL_RGB10_A2;
                glType = GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV;
                break;
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 26
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 21
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW16:
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y16:
    #elif PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 16
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW_SENSOR:
    #endif
                bpp = 2;
                align = 16*bpp;
                if (! ((sw_read || hw_cam_read) && (sw_write || hw_cam_write) ) ) {
                    // Raw sensor data or Y16 only goes between camera and CPU
                    return -EINVAL;
                }
                // Not expecting to actually create any GL surfaces for this
                glFormat = GL_LUMINANCE;
                glType = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT;
                break;
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 17
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB:
                bpp = 1;
                if (! (sw_read) ) {
                    // Blob data cannot be used by HW other than camera emulator
                    // But there is a CTS test trying to have access to it
                    // BUG: https://buganizer.corp.google.com/issues/37719518
                    return -EINVAL;
                }
                // Not expecting to actually create any GL surfaces for this
                glFormat = GL_LUMINANCE;
                glType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
                break;
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 17
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP:
                align = 1;
                bpp = 1; // per-channel bpp
                yuv_format = true;
                // Not expecting to actually create any GL surfaces for this
                break;
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12:
                align = 16;
                bpp = 1; // per-channel bpp
                yuv_format = true;
                // We are going to use RGB888 on the host
                glFormat = GL_RGB;
                glType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
                selectedEmuFrameworkFormat = FRAMEWORK_FORMAT_YV12;
                break;
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888:
                align = 1;
                bpp = 1; // per-channel bpp
                yuv_format = true;
                // We are going to use RGB888 on the host
                glFormat = GL_RGB;
                glType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
    
                if (usage & (GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_READ | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_WRITE)) {
                    // EmulatedFakeCamera3.cpp assumes it is NV21
                    selectedEmuFrameworkFormat = FRAMEWORK_FORMAT_YUV_420_888_INTERLEAVED;
                } else {
                    selectedEmuFrameworkFormat = FRAMEWORK_FORMAT_YUV_420_888;
                }
                break;
            default:
                ALOGE("gralloc_alloc: Unknown format %d", format);
                return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        //
        // Allocate ColorBuffer handle on the host (only if h/w access is allowed)
        // Only do this for some h/w usages, not all.
        // Also do this if we need to read from the surface, in this case the
        // rendering will still happen on the host but we also need to be able to
        // read back from the color buffer, which requires that there is a buffer
        //
        DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 17
    
    #ifdef GOLDFISH_VULKAN
    
        bool needHostCb = (((!yuv_format) && (hasVulkan || (frameworkFormat != HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB))) ||
    #else
        bool needHostCb = ((!yuv_format && frameworkFormat != HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB) ||
    #endif // !GOLDFISH_VULKAN
    
    #else
        bool needHostCb = (!yuv_format ||
    #endif // !(PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 17)
                           frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12 ||
                           frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888) &&
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 15
                          (usage & (GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
                                    GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_2D | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER |
                                    GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_VIDEO_ENCODER |
                                    GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_MASK))
    #else // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
                          (usage & (GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
                                    GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_2D |
                                    GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_MASK))
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
                          ;
    
        if (isHidlGralloc) {
            if (needHostCb || (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB)) {
                // keep space for postCounter
                // AND openCounter for all host cb
                ashmem_size += GOLDFISH_OFFSET_UNIT * 2;
            }
        } else {
            if (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB) {
                // keep space for postCounter
                ashmem_size += GOLDFISH_OFFSET_UNIT * 1;
            }
        }
    
        // API26 always expect at least one file descriptor is associated with
        // one color buffer
        // BUG: 37719038
        if (PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 26 ||
            sw_read || sw_write || hw_cam_write || hw_vid_enc_read) {
            // keep space for image on guest memory if SW access is needed
            // or if the camera is doing writing
            if (yuv_format) {
                size_t yStride = (w*bpp + (align - 1)) & ~(align-1);
                size_t uvStride = (yStride / 2 + (align - 1)) & ~(align-1);
                size_t uvHeight = h / 2;
                ashmem_size += yStride * h + 2 * (uvHeight * uvStride);
                stride = yStride / bpp;
            } else {
                size_t bpr = (w*bpp + (align-1)) & ~(align-1);
                ashmem_size += (bpr * h);
                stride = bpr / bpp;
            }
        }
    
        D("gralloc_alloc format=%d, ashmem_size=%d, stride=%d, tid %d\n", format,
          ashmem_size, stride, getCurrentThreadId());
    
        //
        // Allocate space in ashmem if needed
        //
        int fd = -1;
        if (ashmem_size > 0) {
            // round to page size;
            ashmem_size = (ashmem_size + (PAGE_SIZE-1)) & ~(PAGE_SIZE-1);
    
            ALOGD("%s: Creating ashmem region of size %d\n", __FUNCTION__, ashmem_size);
            fd = ashmem_create_region("gralloc-buffer", ashmem_size);
            if (fd < 0) {
                ALOGE("gralloc_alloc failed to create ashmem region: %s\n",
                        strerror(errno));
                return -errno;
            }
        }
    
        cb_handle_t *cb = new cb_handle_t(fd, ashmem_size, usage,
                                          w, h, frameworkFormat, format,
                                          glFormat, glType, selectedEmuFrameworkFormat);
    
        if (ashmem_size > 0) {
            //
            // map ashmem region if exist
            //
            void *vaddr;
            int err = map_buffer(cb, &vaddr);
            if (err) {
                close(fd);
                delete cb;
                return err;
            }
            cb->setFd(fd);
        }
    
        if (needHostCb) {
            if (hostCon && rcEnc) {
                GLenum allocFormat = glFormat;
                // The handling of RGBX_8888 is very subtle. Most of the time
                // we want it to be treated as RGBA_8888, with the exception
                // that alpha is always ignored and treated as 1. The solution
                // is to create 3 channel RGB texture instead and host GL will
                // handle the Alpha channel.
                if (HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888 == format) {
                    allocFormat = GL_RGB;
                }
    
                gralloc_dmaregion_t* grdma = init_gralloc_dmaregion(rcEnc);
                hostCon->lock();
                if (rcEnc->getDmaVersion() > 0) {
                    cb->hostHandle = rcEnc->rcCreateColorBufferDMA(rcEnc, w, h, allocFormat, cb->emuFrameworkFormat);
                } else {
                    cb->hostHandle = rcEnc->rcCreateColorBuffer(rcEnc, w, h, allocFormat);
                }
                hostCon->unlock();
            }
    
            if (!cb->hostHandle) {
                // Could not create colorbuffer on host !!!
                close(fd);
                delete cb;
                ALOGD("%s: failed to create host cb! -EIO", __FUNCTION__);
                return -EIO;
            } else {
                QEMU_PIPE_HANDLE refcountPipeFd = qemu_pipe_open("refcount");
                if(qemu_pipe_valid(refcountPipeFd)) {
                    cb->setRefcountPipeFd(refcountPipeFd);
                    qemu_pipe_write(refcountPipeFd, &cb->hostHandle, 4);
                }
                D("Created host ColorBuffer 0x%x\n", cb->hostHandle);
            }
    
            if (isHidlGralloc) { *getOpenCountPtr(cb) = 0; }
        }
    
        //
        // alloc succeeded - insert the allocated handle to the allocated list
        //
        pthread_mutex_lock(&grdev->lock);
        grdev->allocated.insert(cb);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&grdev->lock);
    
        *pHandle = cb;
        D("%s: alloc succeded, new ashmem base and size: %p %d handle: %p",
          __FUNCTION__, cb->ashmemBase, cb->ashmemSize, cb);
        switch (frameworkFormat) {
        case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888:
            *pStride = 0;
            break;
        default:
            *pStride = stride;
            break;
        }
    
        hostCon->lock();
        if (rcEnc->getDmaVersion() > 0) {
            get_gralloc_region(rcEnc);  // map_buffer(cb, ...) refers here
        }
        hostCon->unlock();
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int gralloc_free(alloc_device_t* dev,
                            buffer_handle_t handle)
    {
        DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
    
        cb_handle_t *cb = (cb_handle_t *)handle;
        if (!cb_handle_t::validate((cb_handle_t*)cb)) {
            ERR("gralloc_free: invalid handle");
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        D("%s: for buf %p ptr %p size %d\n",
          __FUNCTION__, handle, cb->ashmemBase, cb->ashmemSize);
    
        if (cb->hostHandle && !cb->hasRefcountPipe()) {
            int32_t openCount = 1;
            int32_t* openCountPtr = &openCount;
    
            if (isHidlGralloc && cb->ashmemBase) {
                openCountPtr = getOpenCountPtr(cb);
            }
    
            if (*openCountPtr > 0) {
                D("Closing host ColorBuffer 0x%x\n", cb->hostHandle);
                hostCon->lock();
                rcEnc->rcCloseColorBuffer(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle);
                hostCon->unlock();
            } else {
                D("A rcCloseColorBuffer is owed!!! sdk ver: %d", PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION);
                *openCountPtr = -1;
            }
        }
    
        //
        // detach and unmap ashmem area if present
        //
        if (cb->fd > 0) {
            if (cb->ashmemSize > 0 && cb->ashmemBase) {
                D("%s: unmapped %p", __FUNCTION__, cb->ashmemBase);
                munmap((void *)cb->ashmemBase, cb->ashmemSize);
                put_gralloc_region(rcEnc, cb->ashmemSize);
            }
            close(cb->fd);
        }
    
        if(qemu_pipe_valid(cb->refcount_pipe_fd)) {
            qemu_pipe_close(cb->refcount_pipe_fd);
        }
        D("%s: done", __FUNCTION__);
        // remove it from the allocated list
        gralloc_device_t *grdev = (gralloc_device_t *)dev;
    
        pthread_mutex_lock(&grdev->lock);
        grdev->allocated.erase(cb);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&grdev->lock);
    
        delete cb;
    
        D("%s: exit", __FUNCTION__);
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int gralloc_device_close(struct hw_device_t *dev)
    {
        gralloc_device_t* d = reinterpret_cast<gralloc_device_t*>(dev);
        if (d) {
            for (std::set<buffer_handle_t>::const_iterator i = d->allocated.begin();
                 i != d->allocated.end(); ++i) {
                gralloc_free(&d->device, *i);
            }
    
            delete d;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int fb_compositionComplete(struct framebuffer_device_t* dev)
    {
        (void)dev;
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    //
    // Framebuffer device functions
    //
    static int fb_post(struct framebuffer_device_t* dev, buffer_handle_t buffer)
    {
        fb_device_t *fbdev = (fb_device_t *)dev;
        cb_handle_t *cb = (cb_handle_t *)buffer;
    
        if (!fbdev || !cb_handle_t::validate(cb) || !cb->canBePosted()) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        // Make sure we have host connection
        DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
    
        // increment the post count of the buffer
        intptr_t *postCountPtr = (intptr_t *)cb->ashmemBase;
        if (!postCountPtr) {
            // This should not happen
            return -EINVAL;
        }
        (*postCountPtr)++;
    
        // send post request to host
        hostCon->lock();
        rcEnc->rcFBPost(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle);
        hostCon->flush();
        hostCon->unlock();
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int fb_setUpdateRect(struct framebuffer_device_t* dev,
            int l, int t, int w, int h)
    {
        fb_device_t *fbdev = (fb_device_t *)dev;
    
        (void)l;
        (void)t;
        (void)w;
        (void)h;
    
        if (!fbdev) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        // Make sure we have host connection
        DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
    
        // send request to host
        // TODO: XXX - should be implemented
        //rcEnc->rc_XXX
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int fb_setSwapInterval(struct framebuffer_device_t* dev,
                int interval)
    {
        fb_device_t *fbdev = (fb_device_t *)dev;
    
        if (!fbdev) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        // Make sure we have host connection
        DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
    
        // send request to host
        hostCon->lock();
        rcEnc->rcFBSetSwapInterval(rcEnc, interval);
        hostCon->flush();
        hostCon->unlock();
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int fb_close(struct hw_device_t *dev)
    {
        fb_device_t *fbdev = (fb_device_t *)dev;
    
        free(fbdev);
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    
    //
    // gralloc module functions - refcount + locking interface
    //
    static int gralloc_register_buffer(gralloc_module_t const* module,
                                       buffer_handle_t handle)
    {
        DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
    
        D("%s: start", __FUNCTION__);
        pthread_once(&sFallbackOnce, fallback_init);
        if (sFallback != NULL) {
            return sFallback->registerBuffer(sFallback, handle);
        }
    
        private_module_t *gr = (private_module_t *)module;
        cb_handle_t *cb = (cb_handle_t *)handle;
    
        if (!gr || !cb_handle_t::validate(cb)) {
            ERR("gralloc_register_buffer(%p): invalid buffer", cb);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        D("gralloc_register_buffer(%p) w %d h %d format 0x%x framworkFormat 0x%x",
            handle, cb->width, cb->height, cb->format, cb->frameworkFormat);
    
        if (cb->hostHandle != 0 && !cb->hasRefcountPipe()) {
            D("Opening host ColorBuffer 0x%x\n", cb->hostHandle);
            hostCon->lock();
            rcEnc->rcOpenColorBuffer2(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle);
            hostCon->unlock();
        }
    
        //
        // if the color buffer has ashmem region and it is not mapped in this
        // process map it now.
        //
        if (cb->ashmemSize > 0 && cb->mappedPid != getpid()) {
            void *vaddr;
            int err = map_buffer(cb, &vaddr);
            if (err) {
                ERR("gralloc_register_buffer(%p): map failed: %s", cb, strerror(-err));
                return -err;
            }
            cb->mappedPid = getpid();
    
            if (isHidlGralloc) {
                int32_t* openCountPtr = getOpenCountPtr(cb);
                if (!*openCountPtr) *openCountPtr = 1;
            }
    
            hostCon->lock();
            if (rcEnc->getDmaVersion() > 0) {
                gralloc_dmaregion_register_ashmem(rcEnc, cb->ashmemSize);
            }
            hostCon->unlock();
    
        }
    
        if (cb->ashmemSize > 0) {
            get_ashmem_region(rcEnc, cb);
        }
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int gralloc_unregister_buffer(gralloc_module_t const* module,
                                         buffer_handle_t handle)
    {
        DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
    
        if (sFallback != NULL) {
            return sFallback->unregisterBuffer(sFallback, handle);
        }
    
        private_module_t *gr = (private_module_t *)module;
        cb_handle_t *cb = (cb_handle_t *)handle;
    
        if (!gr || !cb_handle_t::validate(cb)) {
            ERR("gralloc_unregister_buffer(%p): invalid buffer", cb);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
    
        if (cb->hostHandle && !cb->hasRefcountPipe()) {
            D("Closing host ColorBuffer 0x%x\n", cb->hostHandle);
            hostCon->lock();
            rcEnc->rcCloseColorBuffer(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle);
    
            if (isHidlGralloc) {
                // Queue up another rcCloseColorBuffer if applicable.
                // invariant: have ashmem.
                if (cb->ashmemSize > 0 && cb->mappedPid == getpid()) {
                    int32_t* openCountPtr = getOpenCountPtr(cb);
                    if (*openCountPtr == -1) {
                        D("%s: revenge of the rcCloseColorBuffer!", __func__);
                        rcEnc->rcCloseColorBuffer(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle);
                        *openCountPtr = -2;
                    }
                }
            }
            hostCon->unlock();
        }
    
        //
        // unmap ashmem region if it was previously mapped in this process
        // (through register_buffer)
        //
        if (cb->ashmemSize > 0 && cb->mappedPid == getpid()) {
            const bool should_unmap = put_ashmem_region(rcEnc, cb);
            if (!should_unmap) goto done;
    
            void *vaddr;
            int err = munmap((void *)cb->ashmemBase, cb->ashmemSize);
            if (err) {
                ERR("gralloc_unregister_buffer(%p): unmap failed", cb);
                return -EINVAL;
            }
            cb->ashmemBase = 0;
            cb->mappedPid = 0;
            D("%s: Unregister buffer previous mapped to pid %d", __FUNCTION__, getpid());
        }
    
    done:
        D("gralloc_unregister_buffer(%p) done\n", cb);
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int gralloc_lock(gralloc_module_t const* module,
                            buffer_handle_t handle, int usage,
                            int l, int t, int w, int h,
                            void** vaddr)
    {
        if (sFallback != NULL) {
            return sFallback->lock(sFallback, handle, usage, l, t, w, h, vaddr);
        }
    
        private_module_t *gr = (private_module_t *)module;
        cb_handle_t *cb = (cb_handle_t *)handle;
    
        if (!gr || !cb_handle_t::validate(cb)) {
            ALOGE("gralloc_lock bad handle\n");
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        // Validate usage,
        //   1. cannot be locked for hw access
        //   2. lock for either sw read or write.
        //   3. locked sw access must match usage during alloc time.
        bool sw_read = (0 != (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_MASK));
        bool sw_write = (0 != (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_MASK));
        bool hw_read = (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE);
        bool hw_write = (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER);
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 17
        bool hw_cam_write = (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_WRITE);
        bool hw_cam_read = (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_READ);
    #else // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
        bool hw_cam_write = false;
        bool hw_cam_read = false;
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
    
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 15
        bool hw_vid_enc_read = (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_VIDEO_ENCODER);
    #else // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
        bool hw_vid_enc_read = false;
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
    
        bool sw_read_allowed = (0 != (cb->usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_MASK));
    
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 15
        // bug: 30088791
        // a buffer was created for GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_VIDEO_ENCODER usage but
        // later a software encoder is reading this buffer: this is actually
        // legit usage.
        sw_read_allowed = sw_read_allowed || (cb->usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_VIDEO_ENCODER);
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 15
    
        bool sw_write_allowed = (0 != (cb->usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_MASK));
    
        if ( (hw_read || hw_write) ||
             (!sw_read && !sw_write &&
                     !hw_cam_write && !hw_cam_read &&
                     !hw_vid_enc_read) ||
             (sw_read && !sw_read_allowed) ||
             (sw_write && !sw_write_allowed) ) {
            ALOGE("gralloc_lock usage mismatch usage=0x%x cb->usage=0x%x\n", usage,
                    cb->usage);
            //This is not exactly an error and loose it up.
            //bug: 30784436
            //return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        intptr_t postCount = 0;
        void *cpu_addr = NULL;
    
        //
        // make sure ashmem area is mapped if needed
        //
        if (cb->canBePosted() || sw_read || sw_write ||
                hw_cam_write || hw_cam_read ||
                hw_vid_enc_read) {
            if (cb->ashmemBasePid != getpid() || !cb->ashmemBase) {
                return -EACCES;
            }
    
            cpu_addr = (void *)(cb->ashmemBase + getAshmemColorOffset(cb));
        }
    
        if (cb->hostHandle) {
            // Make sure we have host connection
            DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
            hostCon->lock();
    
            //
            // flush color buffer write cache on host and get its sync status.
            //
            int hostSyncStatus = rcEnc->rcColorBufferCacheFlush(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle,
                                                                postCount,
                                                                sw_read);
            if (hostSyncStatus < 0) {
                // host failed the color buffer sync - probably since it was already
                // locked for write access. fail the lock.
                ALOGE("gralloc_lock cacheFlush failed postCount=%d sw_read=%d\n",
                     (int)postCount, sw_read);
                return -EBUSY;
            }
    
            if (sw_read) {
                void* rgb_addr = cpu_addr;
                char* tmpBuf = 0;
                if (cb->frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12 ||
                    cb->frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888) {
                    // We are using RGB888
                    tmpBuf = new char[cb->width * cb->height * 3];
                    rgb_addr = tmpBuf;
                }
                D("gralloc_lock read back color buffer %d %d ashmem base %p sz %d\n",
                  cb->width, cb->height, cb->ashmemBase, cb->ashmemSize);
                rcEnc->rcReadColorBuffer(rcEnc, cb->hostHandle,
                        0, 0, cb->width, cb->height, cb->glFormat, cb->glType, rgb_addr);
                if (tmpBuf) {
                    if (cb->frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12) {
                        rgb888_to_yv12((char*)cpu_addr, tmpBuf, cb->width, cb->height, l, t, l+w-1, t+h-1);
                    } else if (cb->frameworkFormat == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888) {
                        rgb888_to_yuv420p((char*)cpu_addr, tmpBuf, cb->width, cb->height, l, t, l+w-1, t+h-1);
                    }
                    delete [] tmpBuf;
                }
            }
            hostCon->unlock();
        }
    
        //
        // is virtual address required ?
        //
        if (sw_read || sw_write || hw_cam_write || hw_cam_read || hw_vid_enc_read) {
            *vaddr = cpu_addr;
        }
    
        if (sw_write || hw_cam_write) {
            //
            // Keep locked region if locked for s/w write access.
            //
            cb->lockedLeft = l;
            cb->lockedTop = t;
            cb->lockedWidth = w;
            cb->lockedHeight = h;
        }
    
        DD("gralloc_lock success. vaddr: %p, *vaddr: %p, usage: %x, cpu_addr: %p, base: %p",
                vaddr, vaddr ? *vaddr : 0, usage, cpu_addr, cb->ashmemBase);
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    static int gralloc_unlock(gralloc_module_t const* module,
                              buffer_handle_t handle)
    {
        if (sFallback != NULL) {
            return sFallback->unlock(sFallback, handle);
        }
    
        private_module_t *gr = (private_module_t *)module;
        cb_handle_t *cb = (cb_handle_t *)handle;
    
        if (!gr || !cb_handle_t::validate(cb)) {
            ALOGD("%s: invalid gr or cb handle. -EINVAL", __FUNCTION__);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        //
        // if buffer was locked for s/w write, we need to update the host with
        // the updated data
        //
        if (cb->hostHandle) {
    
            // Make sure we have host connection
            DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
            hostCon->lock();
    
            void *cpu_addr = (void *)(cb->ashmemBase + getAshmemColorOffset(cb));
    
            char* rgb_addr = (char *)cpu_addr;
            if (cb->lockedWidth < cb->width || cb->lockedHeight < cb->height) {
                updateHostColorBuffer(cb, true, rgb_addr);
            }
            else {
                updateHostColorBuffer(cb, false, rgb_addr);
            }
    
            hostCon->unlock();
            DD("gralloc_unlock success. cpu_addr: %p", cpu_addr);
        }
    
        cb->lockedWidth = cb->lockedHeight = 0;
        return 0;
    }
    
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 18
    static int gralloc_lock_ycbcr(gralloc_module_t const* module,
                                  buffer_handle_t handle, int usage,
                                  int l, int t, int w, int h,
                                  android_ycbcr *ycbcr)
    {
        // Not supporting fallback module for YCbCr
        if (sFallback != NULL) {
            ALOGD("%s: has fallback, return -EINVAL", __FUNCTION__);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        if (!ycbcr) {
            ALOGE("%s: got NULL ycbcr struct! -EINVAL", __FUNCTION__);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        private_module_t *gr = (private_module_t *)module;
        cb_handle_t *cb = (cb_handle_t *)handle;
        if (!gr || !cb_handle_t::validate(cb)) {
            ALOGE("%s: bad colorbuffer handle. -EINVAL", __FUNCTION__);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        if (cb->frameworkFormat != HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12 &&
            cb->frameworkFormat != HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888) {
            ALOGE("gralloc_lock_ycbcr can only be used with "
                    "HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888 or HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12, got %x instead. "
                    "-EINVAL",
                    cb->frameworkFormat);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        void *vaddr;
        int ret = gralloc_lock(module, handle, usage | GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_MASK, l, t, w, h, &vaddr);
        if (ret) {
            return ret;
        }
    
        uint8_t* cpu_addr = static_cast<uint8_t*>(vaddr);
    
        // Calculate offsets to underlying YUV data
        size_t yStride;
        size_t cStride;
        size_t cSize;
        size_t yOffset;
        size_t uOffset;
        size_t vOffset;
        size_t cStep;
        size_t align;
        switch (cb->format) {
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP:
                yStride = cb->width;
                cStride = cb->width;
                yOffset = 0;
                vOffset = yStride * cb->height;
                uOffset = vOffset + 1;
                cStep = 2;
                break;
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12:
                // https://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/ImageFormat.html#YV12
                align = 16;
                yStride = (cb->width + (align -1)) & ~(align-1);
                cStride = (yStride / 2 + (align - 1)) & ~(align-1);
                yOffset = 0;
                cSize = cStride * cb->height/2;
                vOffset = yStride * cb->height;
                uOffset = vOffset + cSize;
                cStep = 1;
                break;
            case HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888:
                if (cb->emuFrameworkFormat == FRAMEWORK_FORMAT_YUV_420_888_INTERLEAVED) {
                    yStride = cb->width;
                    cStride = cb->width;
                    yOffset = 0;
                    vOffset = yStride * cb->height;
                    uOffset = vOffset + 1;
                    cStep = 2;
                } else {
                    yStride = cb->width;
                    cStride = yStride / 2;
                    yOffset = 0;
                    uOffset = cb->height * yStride;
                    vOffset = uOffset + cStride * cb->height / 2;
                    cStep = 1;
                }
                break;
            default:
                ALOGE("gralloc_lock_ycbcr unexpected internal format %x",
                        cb->format);
                return -EINVAL;
        }
    
        ycbcr->y = cpu_addr + yOffset;
        ycbcr->cb = cpu_addr + uOffset;
        ycbcr->cr = cpu_addr + vOffset;
        ycbcr->ystride = yStride;
        ycbcr->cstride = cStride;
        ycbcr->chroma_step = cStep;
    
        // Zero out reserved fields
        memset(ycbcr->reserved, 0, sizeof(ycbcr->reserved));
    
        DD("gralloc_lock_ycbcr success. usage: %x, ycbcr.y: %p, .cb: %p, .cr: %p, "
               ".ystride: %d , .cstride: %d, .chroma_step: %d, base: %p", usage,
               ycbcr->y, ycbcr->cb, ycbcr->cr, ycbcr->ystride, ycbcr->cstride,
               ycbcr->chroma_step, cb->ashmemBase);
    
        return 0;
    }
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 18
    
    static int gralloc_device_open(const hw_module_t* module,
                                   const char* name,
                                   hw_device_t** device)
    {
        int status = -EINVAL;
    
        D("gralloc_device_open %s\n", name);
    
        pthread_once( &sFallbackOnce, fallback_init );
        if (sFallback != NULL) {
            return sFallback->common.methods->open(&sFallback->common, name, device);
        }
    
        if (!strcmp(name, GRALLOC_HARDWARE_GPU0)) {
    
            // Create host connection and keep it in the TLS.
            // return error if connection with host can not be established
            HostConnection *hostConn = createOrGetHostConnection();
            if (!hostConn) {
                ALOGE("gralloc: failed to get host connection while opening %s\n", name);
                return -EIO;
            }
    
            //
            // Allocate memory for the gralloc device (alloc interface)
            //
            gralloc_device_t *dev = new gralloc_device_t;
            if (NULL == dev) {
                return -ENOMEM;
            }
    
            // Initialize our device structure
            //
            dev->device.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
            dev->device.common.version = 0;
            dev->device.common.module = const_cast<hw_module_t*>(module);
            dev->device.common.close = gralloc_device_close;
    
            dev->device.alloc   = gralloc_alloc;
            dev->device.free    = gralloc_free;
            dev->device.dump = gralloc_dump;
            pthread_mutex_init(&dev->lock, NULL);
    
            *device = &dev->device.common;
            status = 0;
        }
        else if (!strcmp(name, GRALLOC_HARDWARE_FB0)) {
    
            // return error if connection with host can not be established
            DEFINE_AND_VALIDATE_HOST_CONNECTION;
            hostCon->lock();
    
            //
            // Query the host for Framebuffer attributes
            //
            D("gralloc: query Frabuffer attribs\n");
            EGLint width = rcEnc->rcGetFBParam(rcEnc, FB_WIDTH);
            D("gralloc: width=%d\n", width);
            EGLint height = rcEnc->rcGetFBParam(rcEnc, FB_HEIGHT);
            D("gralloc: height=%d\n", height);
            EGLint xdpi = rcEnc->rcGetFBParam(rcEnc, FB_XDPI);
            D("gralloc: xdpi=%d\n", xdpi);
            EGLint ydpi = rcEnc->rcGetFBParam(rcEnc, FB_YDPI);
            D("gralloc: ydpi=%d\n", ydpi);
            EGLint fps = rcEnc->rcGetFBParam(rcEnc, FB_FPS);
            D("gralloc: fps=%d\n", fps);
            EGLint min_si = rcEnc->rcGetFBParam(rcEnc, FB_MIN_SWAP_INTERVAL);
            D("gralloc: min_swap=%d\n", min_si);
            EGLint max_si = rcEnc->rcGetFBParam(rcEnc, FB_MAX_SWAP_INTERVAL);
            D("gralloc: max_swap=%d\n", max_si);
            hostCon->unlock();
    
            //
            // Allocate memory for the framebuffer device
            //
            fb_device_t *dev;
            dev = (fb_device_t*)malloc(sizeof(fb_device_t));
            if (NULL == dev) {
                return -ENOMEM;
            }
            memset(dev, 0, sizeof(fb_device_t));
    
            // Initialize our device structure
            //
            dev->device.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
            dev->device.common.version = 0;
            dev->device.common.module = const_cast<hw_module_t*>(module);
            dev->device.common.close = fb_close;
            dev->device.setSwapInterval = fb_setSwapInterval;
            dev->device.post            = fb_post;
            dev->device.setUpdateRect   = 0; //fb_setUpdateRect;
            dev->device.compositionComplete = fb_compositionComplete; //XXX: this is a dummy
    
            const_cast<uint32_t&>(dev->device.flags) = 0;
            const_cast<uint32_t&>(dev->device.width) = width;
            const_cast<uint32_t&>(dev->device.height) = height;
            const_cast<int&>(dev->device.stride) = width;
            const_cast<int&>(dev->device.format) = HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888;
            const_cast<float&>(dev->device.xdpi) = xdpi;
            const_cast<float&>(dev->device.ydpi) = ydpi;
            const_cast<float&>(dev->device.fps) = fps;
            const_cast<int&>(dev->device.minSwapInterval) = min_si;
            const_cast<int&>(dev->device.maxSwapInterval) = max_si;
            *device = &dev->device.common;
    
            status = 0;
        }
    
        return status;
    }
    
    //
    // define the HMI symbol - our module interface
    //
    static struct hw_module_methods_t gralloc_module_methods = {
            open: gralloc_device_open
    };
    
    struct private_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
        base: {
            common: {
                tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 18
                module_api_version: GRALLOC_MODULE_API_VERSION_0_2,
                hal_api_version: 0,
    #elif PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 16
                module_api_version: 1,
                hal_api_version: 0,
    #else // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
                version_major: 1,
                version_minor: 0,
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION
                id: GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
                name: "Graphics Memory Allocator Module",
                author: "The Android Open Source Project",
                methods: &gralloc_module_methods,
                dso: NULL,
                reserved: {0, }
            },
            registerBuffer: gralloc_register_buffer,
            unregisterBuffer: gralloc_unregister_buffer,
            lock: gralloc_lock,
            unlock: gralloc_unlock,
            perform: NULL,
    #if PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 18
            lock_ycbcr: gralloc_lock_ycbcr,
    #endif // PLATFORM_SDK_VERSION >= 18
        }
    };
    
    /* This function is called once to detect whether the emulator supports
     * GPU emulation (this is done by looking at the qemu.gles kernel
     * parameter, which must be == 1 if this is the case).
     *
     * If not, then load gralloc.default instead as a fallback.
     */
    
    #if __LP64__
    static const char kGrallocDefaultSystemPath[] = "/system/lib64/hw/gralloc.goldfish.default.so";
    static const char kGrallocDefaultVendorPath[] = "/vendor/lib64/hw/gralloc.goldfish.default.so";
    static const char kGrallocDefaultSystemPathPreP[] = "/system/lib64/hw/gralloc.default.so";
    static const char kGrallocDefaultVendorPathPreP[] = "/vendor/lib64/hw/gralloc.default.so";
    #else
    static const char kGrallocDefaultSystemPath[] = "/system/lib/hw/gralloc.goldfish.default.so";
    static const char kGrallocDefaultVendorPath[] = "/vendor/lib/hw/gralloc.goldfish.default.so";
    static const char kGrallocDefaultSystemPathPreP[] = "/system/lib/hw/gralloc.default.so";
    static const char kGrallocDefaultVendorPathPreP[] = "/vendor/lib/hw/gralloc.default.so";
    #endif
    
    static void
    fallback_init(void)
    {
        char  prop[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
        void* module;
    
        // qemu.gles=0 -> no GLES 2.x support (only 1.x through software).
        // qemu.gles=1 -> host-side GPU emulation through EmuGL
        // qemu.gles=2 -> guest-side GPU emulation.
        property_get("ro.kernel.qemu.gles", prop, "0");
        if (atoi(prop) == 1) {
            return;
        }
        ALOGD("Emulator without host-side GPU emulation detected. "
              "Loading gralloc.default.so from %s...",
              kGrallocDefaultVendorPath);
        module = dlopen(kGrallocDefaultVendorPath, RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_LOCAL);
        if (!module) {
          module = dlopen(kGrallocDefaultVendorPathPreP, RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_LOCAL);
        }
        if (!module) {
            // vendor folder didn't work. try system
            ALOGD("gralloc.default.so not found in /vendor. Trying %s...",
                  kGrallocDefaultSystemPath);
            module = dlopen(kGrallocDefaultSystemPath, RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_LOCAL);
            if (!module) {
              module = dlopen(kGrallocDefaultSystemPathPreP, RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_LOCAL);
            }
        }
    
        if (module != NULL) {
            sFallback = reinterpret_cast<gralloc_module_t*>(dlsym(module, HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM_AS_STR));
            if (sFallback == NULL) {
                dlclose(module);
            }
        }
        if (sFallback == NULL) {
            ALOGE("FATAL: Could not find gralloc.default.so!");
        }
    }