Small refactor.

- Move all ScopedDisableDebugCalls into the debug_XXX calls. This avoids
any issues that might arise where every part of the code needs to properly
guard anything that might allocate. Instead everything is already guarded.
- Add a pointer to debug_data in all of the XXData classes. This avoids
calling individual functions passing in the debug_data pointer.
- Flip the NO_HEADER_OPTIONS to an explicit HEADER_OPTIONS list since fewer
options actually require a header.
- Move the extern of g_debug to the DebugData.h header.

Change-Id: Ia213a391b4a44d9ce122a709d09fe4f1b5426f36