Fix LocaleMatcher modifying global static map during query

Also fix some occurences of string.replaceAll() that were
passing literal strings, or regular expressions that could
have been expressed as literal strings, by replacing them
with the appropriate string.replace() calls.

This backports the fix for bug
  https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8166994
That fix was based on a patch that was previously upstreamed.

Test: LocaleLanguageRangeTest
Test: LocaleTest

Bug: 29935305
Change-Id: I6b0c4fbb977bdaee714b5b0aa26d3900ce4f8e85