crypto/tls: add HandshakeContext method to Conn

Adds the (*tls.Conn).HandshakeContext method. This allows
us to pass the context provided down the call stack to
eventually reach the tls.ClientHelloInfo and
tls.CertificateRequestInfo structs.
These contexts are exposed to the user as read-only via Context()
methods.

This allows users of (*tls.Config).GetCertificate and
(*tls.Config).GetClientCertificate to use the context for
request scoped parameters and cancellation.

Replace uses of (*tls.Conn).Handshake with (*tls.Conn).HandshakeContext
where appropriate, to propagate existing contexts.

Fixes #32406

Change-Id: I33c228904fe82dcf57683b63627497d3eb841ff2
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/246338


Run-TryBot: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Trust: Roland Shoemaker <roland@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>