syscall: check Fchmodat flags parameter on Linux

As mentioned in #25845, port CL 46474 from golang.org/x/sys/unix to the
syscall package.

Currently Linux' fchmodat(2) syscall implementation doesn't support the
flags parameter (though it might in future versions [1]). Fchmodat in
the syscall package takes the parameter and (wrongly) passes it on to the
syscall which will ignore it.

According to the POSIX.1-2008 manual page [2], AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW is
the only valid value for the flags parameter and EOPNOTSUPP should be
returned in case changing the mode of a symbolic link is not supported
by the underlying system. EINVAL should be returned for any other value
of the flags parameter.

  [1] https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9596301/
  [2] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/chmod.html

Updates #20130
Updates #25845

Change-Id: I1021dd0e6a4f4cb3557cb1c1b34dd618c378cda6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/118658


Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>