cmd/link: apply relocations later

Move the phase of applying relocations later, after the sections
and segments are written to the mmap'd output region. Then apply
relocations directly in the output region, instead of the input.
So the input slices we read in don't need to be modified.

This is in preparation for mmap'ing input files read-only.

Change-Id: If9c80657b4469da36aec5a9ab6acf664f5af8fa0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/170739


Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>