cmd/compile/internal/gc: add tracing support to debug type checking

The compiler must first be built with the constant enableTrace set
to true (typecheck.go). After that, the -t flag becomes available
which enables tracing output of type-checking functions.

With enableTrace == false, the tracing code becomes dead code
and won't affect the compiler.

Typical output might look like this:

path/y.go:4:6: typecheck 0xc00033e180 DCLTYPE <node DCLTYPE> tc=0
path/y.go:4:6: . typecheck1 0xc00033e180 DCLTYPE <node DCLTYPE> tc=2
path/y.go:4:6: . . typecheck 0xc000331a40 TYPE T tc=1
path/y.go:4:6: . . . typecheck1 0xc000331a40 TYPE T tc=2
path/y.go:4:6: . . . . typecheckdef 0xc000331a40 TYPE T tc=2
path/y.go:4:6: . . . . => 0xc000331a40 TYPE T tc=2 type=*T
path/y.go:4:6: . . . => 0xc000331a40 TYPE T tc=2 type=*T
path/y.go:4:6: . . => 0xc000331a40 TYPE T tc=1 type=*T
path/y.go:4:6: . => 0xc00033e180 DCLTYPE <node DCLTYPE> tc=2 type=<T>
path/y.go:4:6: => 0xc00033e180 DCLTYPE <node DCLTYPE> tc=1 type=<T>

Disabled by default.

Change-Id: Ifd8385290d1cf0d3fc5e8468b2f4ab84e8eff338
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/146782


Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>