cmd/compile: add more generic rewrite rules to reassociate (op (op y C) x|C)

With this patch, opt pass can expose more obvious constant-folding
opportunites.

Example:
func test(i int) int {return (i+8)-(i+4)}

The previous version:
  MOVD	"".i(FP), R0
  ADD	$8, R0, R1
  ADD	$4, R0, R0
  SUB	R0, R1, R0
  MOVD	R0, "".~r1+8(FP)
  RET	(R30)

The optimized version:
  MOVD	$4, R0
  MOVD	R0, "".~r1+8(FP)
  RET	(R30)

This patch removes some existing reassociation rules, such as "x+(z-C)",
because the current generic rewrite rules will canonicalize "x-const"
to "x+(-const)", making "x+(z-C)" equal to "x+(z+(-C))".

This patch also adds test cases.

Change-Id: I857108ba0b5fcc18a879eeab38e2551bc4277797
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/237137


Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>