runtime: a better fallback hash

For arm and powerpc, as well as x86 without aes instructions.
Contains a mixture of ideas from cityhash and xxhash.

Compared to our old fallback on ARM, it's ~no slower on
small objects and up to ~50% faster on large objects.  More
importantly, it is a much better hash function and thus has
less chance of bad behavior.

Fixes #8737

benchmark                         old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkHash5                    173           181           +4.62%
BenchmarkHash16                   252           212           -15.87%
BenchmarkHash64                   575           419           -27.13%
BenchmarkHash1024                 7173          3995          -44.31%
BenchmarkHash65536                516940        313173        -39.42%
BenchmarkHashStringSpeed          300           279           -7.00%
BenchmarkHashBytesSpeed           478           424           -11.30%
BenchmarkHashInt32Speed           217           207           -4.61%
BenchmarkHashInt64Speed           262           231           -11.83%
BenchmarkHashStringArraySpeed     609           631           +3.61%

Change-Id: I0a9335028f32b10ad484966e3019987973afd3eb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/1360


Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>