cmd/compile: don't allow NaNs in floating-point constant ops

Trying this CL again, with a fixed test that allows platforms
to disagree on the exact behavior of converting NaNs.

We store 32-bit floating point constants in a 64-bit field, by
converting that 32-bit float to 64-bit float to store it, and convert
it back to use it.

That works for *almost* all floating-point constants. The exception is
signaling NaNs. The round trip described above means we can't represent
a 32-bit signaling NaN, because conversions strip the signaling bit.

To fix this issue, just forbid NaNs as floating-point constants in SSA
form. This shouldn't affect any real-world code, as people seldom
constant-propagate NaNs (except in test code).

Additionally, NaNs are somewhat underspecified (which of the many NaNs
do you get when dividing 0/0?), so when cross-compiling there's a
danger of using the compiler machine's NaN regime for some math, and
the target machine's NaN regime for other math. Better to use the
target machine's NaN regime always.

Update #36400

Change-Id: Idf203b688a15abceabbd66ba290d4e9f63619ecb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/221790


Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>