cmd/internal/obj: reject too large symbols

We never supported symbol larger than 2GB (issue #9862), so the
object file uses 32-bit for symbol sizes. Check and reject too
large symbol before truncating its size.

Fixes #42054.

Change-Id: I0d1d585ebdba9556f2fd3a97043bd4296d5cc9e4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/263641


Trust: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Trust: Cuong Manh Le <cuong.manhle.vn@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Cuong Manh Le <cuong.manhle.vn@gmail.com>
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