cmd/internal/obj, cmd/link: record ABIs and aliases in Go obj files

This repurposes the "version" field of a symbol reference in the Go
object file format to be an ABI field. Currently, this is just 0 or 1
depending on whether the symbol is static (the linker turns it into a
different internal version number), so it's already only tenuously a
symbol version. We change this to be -1 for static symbols and
otherwise by the ABI number.

This also adds a separate list of ABI alias symbols to be recorded in
the object file. The ABI aliases must be a separate list and not just
part of the symbol definitions because it's possible to have a symbol
defined in one package and the alias "defined" in a different package.
For example, this can happen if a symbol is defined in assembly in one
package and stubbed in a different package. The stub triggers the
generation of the ABI alias, but in a different package from the
definition.

For #27539.

Change-Id: I015c9fe54690c027de6ef77e22b5585976a01587
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/147157


Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>