go/types: avoid closure allocations in mono check

This CL replaces monoEdge's "report" field with fields "pos" and
"typ", and pushes the logic for formatting them into the report
loop. This avoids needing to allocate a function closure for each
edge.

Also tweak a test case so the two type parameters involved in the
cycle aren't both "T" so they're easier to understand.

Change-Id: I9d392ad1d99a4c5e89da4613084e885149ebad07
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/360815


Trust: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>