cmd/compile: ensure that ssa.Func constant cache is consistent

It was not necessarily consistent before, we were just lucky.

Change-Id: I3a92dc724e0af7b4d810a6a0b7b1d58844eb8f87
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/251440


Run-TryBot: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>