cmd/link/internal/ld: enable bitcode builds for iOS, tvOS, watchOS

The Go toolchain cannot output bitcode, but there is a trick where
object code can be marked with an __asm section, persuading the
Apple toolchain to include our object code in bitcode builds.

This enables Go builds with bitcode enabled; the next CL adds
the necessary plumbing for building on tvOS and watchOS.

Thanks to Aman Gupta for the trick.

Test is added two CLs from here.

Fixes #22395 (at least until Apple tightens bitcode requirements.)

Change-Id: Ic1c1448c4d46222bb3dd097b1f4df80848051e5f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/168320


Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>