runtime: support long paths without fixup on Windows 10 >= 1607

Windows 10 >= 1607 allows CreateFile and friends to use long paths if
bit 0x80 of the PEB's BitField member is set.

In time this means we'll be able to entirely drop our long path hacks,
which have never really worked right (see bugs below). Until that point,
we'll simply have things working well on recent Windows.

Updates #41734.
Updates #21782.
Updates #36375.

Change-Id: I765de6ea4859dd4e4b8ca80af7f337994734118e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/291291


Trust: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Run-TryBot: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>