context: reduce contention in cancelCtx.Done

Use an atomic.Value to hold the done channel.
Conveniently, we have a mutex handy to coordinate writes to it.

name                 old time/op  new time/op  delta
ContextCancelDone-8  67.5ns ±10%   2.2ns ±11%  -96.74%  (p=0.000 n=30+28)

Fixes #42564

Change-Id: I5d72e0e87fb221d4e230209e5fb4698bea4053c6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/288193


Trust: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
Trust: Sameer Ajmani <sameer@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>