[release-branch.go1.16] cmd/compile, cmd/link: dynamically export writable static tmps

Static tmps are private to a package, but with plugins a package
can be shared among multiple DSOs. They need to have a consistent
view of the static tmps, especially for writable ones. So export
them. (Read-only static tmps have the same values anyway, so it
doesn't matter. Also Mach-O doesn't support dynamically exporting
read-only symbols anyway.)

Updates #44956.
Fixes #45030.

Change-Id: I921e25b7ab73cd5d5347800eccdb7931e3448779
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/301793


Trust: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Than McIntosh <thanm@google.com>
(cherry picked from commit de012bc095359e1b552d4ea6fb6b2995f3ab04f5)
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/302449