crypto/x509: fix root CA extraction on macOS (no-cgo path)

Certificates without any trust settings might still be in the keychain
(for example if they used to have some, or if they are intermediates for
offline verification), but they are not to be trusted. The only ones we
can trust unconditionally are the ones in the system roots store.

Moreover, the verify-cert invocation was not specifying the ssl policy,
defaulting instead to the basic one. We have no way of communicating
different usages in a CertPool, so stick to the WebPKI use-case as the
primary one for crypto/x509.

Updates #24652

Change-Id: Ife8b3d2f4026daa1223aa81fac44aeeb4f96528a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/128116


Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@golang.org>