database/sql: make Rows.Scan properly wrap underlying errors

The prior implementation used the format verb %v which unfortunately
improperly wrapped any underlying scanner errors, and we couldn't use
errors.Is nor errors.As. This change fixes that by using the %w verb.

Added a unit to ensure that both error sub string matching works, but
also that errors.Is works as expected.

Fixes #38099

Change-Id: Iea667041dd8081d961246f77f2542330417292dc
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/248337


Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Theophanes <kardianos@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>