cmd/go/internal/modload: do not prune the module root when walking directories

When walking filesystem paths to locate packages, we normally prune
out subdirectories with names beginning with ".", "_", or equal to
"testdata". However, we should not prune out such a directory if it is
at or above the module root, since its name is not part of the package
path.

Fixes #28481
Updates #27852

Change-Id: Ice82b1f908afaab50f5592f6c38ca6a0fe911edf
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/196297


Run-TryBot: Bryan C. Mills <bcmills@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Martí <mvdan@mvdan.cc>
Reviewed-by: Jay Conrod <jayconrod@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>