net/http: fix Transport panic with nil Request.Header

For Go 1.13 we introduced Header.Clone and it returns
nil if a nil Header is cloned. Unfortunately, though,
this exported Header.Clone nil behavior differed from
the old Go 1.12 and earlier internal header clone
behavior which always returned non-nil Headers.
This CL fixes the places where that distinction mattered.

Fixes #34878

Change-Id: Id19dea2272948c8dd10883b18ea7f7b8b33ea8eb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/200977


Run-TryBot: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>