runtime: add pointer size to type structure

This adds a field to the runtime type structure that records the size
of the prefix of objects of that type containing pointers. Any data
after this offset is scalar data.

This is necessary for shrinking the type bitmaps to 1 bit and will
help the garbage collector efficiently estimate the amount of heap
that needs to be scanned.

Change-Id: I1318d79e6360dca0ac980245016c562e61f52ff5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/9691


Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>