internal/buildcfg: move build configuration out of cmd/internal/objabi

The go/build package needs access to this configuration,
so move it into a new package available to the standard library.

Change-Id: I868a94148b52350c76116451f4ad9191246adcff
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/310731


Trust: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jay Conrod <jayconrod@google.com>