[release-branch.go1.16] Reapply "cmd/link: support more load commands on Mach-O"

This reverts commit caced3b2 (CL 370554).

Reason for revert: Minor release complete.

Updates #49923.

Change-Id: Ifb9fc4f6aae6313ce726726c4ec469032ed3147d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/372354


Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Rakoczy <alex@golang.org>
Trust: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com>