crypto/tls: add HandshakeContext method to Conn

Adds the (*tls.Conn).HandshakeContext method. This allows
us to pass the context provided down the call stack to
eventually reach the tls.ClientHelloInfo and
tls.CertificateRequestInfo structs.
These contexts are exposed to the user as read-only via Context()
methods.

This allows users of (*tls.Config).GetCertificate and
(*tls.Config).GetClientCertificate to use the context for
request scoped parameters and cancellation.

Replace uses of (*tls.Conn).Handshake with (*tls.Conn).HandshakeContext
where appropriate, to propagate existing contexts.

Fixes #32406

Change-Id: I259939c744bdc9b805bf51a845a8bc462c042483
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/295370


Run-TryBot: Johan Brandhorst-Satzkorn <johan.brandhorst@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Trust: Katie Hockman <katie@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>