runtime: fix off-by-one error finding module for PC

Also fix compiler-invoked panics to avoid a confusing "malloc deadlock"
crash if they are invoked while executing the runtime.

Fixes #14599.

Change-Id: I89436abcbf3587901909abbdca1973301654a76e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20219


Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/22042


Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>