runtime: add page cache and tests

This change adds a page cache structure which owns a chunk of free pages
at a given base address. It also adds code to allocate to this cache
from the page allocator. Finally, it adds tests for both.

Notably this change does not yet integrate the code into the runtime,
just into runtime tests.

Updates #35112.

Change-Id: Ibe121498d5c3be40390fab58a3816295601670df
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/196643


Run-TryBot: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>